Sushmajee
Ved
| Ved | |
| 4-Vedaant | 
| See also Darshan 
        (1) The Upanishad constitute 
        the revealed text (Shruti - the heard ones), thus are called Shruti Prasthaan. 
        (2) A term first used by 
        Baadaraayan (690-610 BC) for the knowledge contained in the Upanishad regarding 
        man, God and their relationship Vedaant is also called Uttar Meemaansaa and is one 
        of the six Hindu philosophies discussing the nature of the Universe and man. It is 
        solely based on the genuine Upanishad. Vedaant was expounded by Shankaraachaarya 
        (830 AD) as A-Dwaitvaad (non-Dualism); by Raamaanuj (1100 AD) as Vishisht A-Dwaitvaad 
        (Qualified non-Dualism); and by 
        Madhwaachaarya (1270 AD) as Dualism (Dwaitvaad), See also 
        Darshan.
        
 Vedaant Saar Vedaant Sootra 
        It is sometimes possible that we forget the real meaning of some of the common 
        and popular terms. The term Vedaant is one such example. While some people 
        understand the term as useless discussion or some thing not understandable, 
        others consider that all that concerns Adhyaatm is Vedaant. Vedaant means the 
        last part of Ved (Ved + Ant). Among the parts of Sanhitaa, Braahman, Aranyakaa 
        and Upanishad, the last one is Upanishad. According to Meemaansak, the part 
        of Ved which relates to its definite meaning (Vedaarth) is Vedaant. "Ant" 
        also means Nirnaya (decision). (Vedo Vedaarth, tasyaanto nirnayah). 
        According to Meemaansak - "Mantraashch braahmanam cha Vedah" - Mantra 
        are helpful for Yagya etc, and Braahman provide us the rules, explanations, stories, 
        instances etc. While the Aaranyak are the discussions part and these end in the 
        Upanishad. The discussions on the Braahman constitute the Poorv Meemaansaa and 
        those that discuss on the Aaranyak and the Upanishad constitute the Uttar Meemaamsaa. 
        Uttar Meemaansaa is also called as Vedaant Meemaansaa which indicates that these 
        discuss the Upanishad. 
        Mantra Braahman which are useful for the Yagya and other rituals are termed as 
        Karm Kaand; and  
        The number of Upanishad according to Muktikopanishat is 1108. 
        As per tradition and from times immemorial, the number of Upanishad which 
        are considered as as parts of the Ved is only 13. 
        Aitareya, Ken, Chhaandogya, Taittireeya, Brihadaaranyak, and Kausheetikee - 
        these 6 Upanishad are Aaranyak Upanishad. 
        Shankar recognized only 10 of these and excluded Kausheetikee, Shwetaashwatar 
        and Mytraayan in his Bhaashya although he has quoted from the first two Upanishad 
        in his Sootra Bhaashya. Mytraayan is not touched either by Shankar or Baadaraayan. 
        The Vedaant thus depends on these Upanishad and derives strength from the Brahm 
        Sootra of Baadaraayan. 
        The Upanishad (Shruti Prasthaan), Bhagavad Geetaa (Smriti Prasthaan), and Brahm 
        Sootra (Nyaaya Prasthaan) constitute in essence the Vedaant Shaastra. 
        There were several great men like Jaimini, Ashmaratya, Oudulomi, Kaashakritsna, 
        Baadaree, Kaarshnaajinee etc, before Baadarayan also who had defined Vedaant. 
        However, Vedaant got a firm foundation because of Baadaraayan. But the Sootra 
        got the status of a Darshan after Shankar came up with his Bhaashya. Shankar 
        wrote his Bhaashya with the sole purpose of showing the Upanishad Darshan 
        (Samanjasamidam Upanishadam Darshanam). He effectively demonstrated that, 
        "na saankhya Gyaanen ved nirapekshan yogamaargena vaa nihshreya samaadhi 
        gamyate, shrutirhi vaidikaat Aatmaikatwa vigyaanaadanyat nih shreyas saadhanam 
        vaarayati" 
        (BS Shankar Bhaashya 2.1.3.)   | 
Created by Sushma Gupta on 3/15/06
Contact:  sushmajee@yahoo.com
Updated on 03/20/13